Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli . [4] [13] Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough , chest pain , fever , and trouble breathing . [2] Severity is variable. [2] Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms , certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases . [4] [5] Risk factors include cystic fibrosis , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma , diabetes , heart failure , a history of smoking , a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke , and a weak immune system . [6] Diagnosis is often based on the symptoms and physical examination . [7] Chest X-ray , blood tests, and...
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