Emergency & First Aid Guide
Emergency & First
Aid Guide_rjb
1.
Relief for Severe Pain on Lower
Back: (Updated:
3/3/16) First, check if patient is allergic to pain relievers. Otherwise, give
him over-the-counter pain reliever (ex. BUSCOPAN). For severe pains, he may
take Tramadol-Paracetamol (CETRA, DOLCET-325mg). He must take a laboratory exam
(urinalysis) to see if there is any kidney problem, then see your doctor for
medical check-up. For emergency cases, go to Olivarez Hospital or Las Pinas
Doctor’s for emergency check-up (consultation fee-P700.00; ER fee-P300.00;
urinalysis-P78.00; pain reliever-50.00; total-P1,128.00)
2.
Remedies for Hot Pepper Hands: First, prevent this by wearing
gloves or rubbing your hands with vegetable oil before cutting chili peppers.
But if you already have burning fingers because of the chili oil, a good splash
of rubbing alcohol or high-proof alcohol like vodka can help wash it away. Dish
soaps can also dissolve oils and are more effective than regular hand soap.
To
Relieve Burning Eyes after you’ve rubbed them with Pepper Fingers: Use milk to wash the chili oil
from your eyes.
3.
First Aid for Choking and you’re
alone: call 911
or local emergency immediately. To perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich
maneuver) on yourself: Place a fist slightly above your navel. Grasp you fist
with the other hand and bend over a hard surface—a countertop or chair will do.
Shove your fist inward and upward. Repeat until the blockage is dislodged.
To perform abdominal thrusts on
someone else: Stand behind the person. Wrap your arms around the waist. Tip the
person forward slightly. Make a fist with one hand. Position it slightly above
the person’s navel. Grasp the fist with the other hand. Press hard into the
abdomen with a quick, upward thrust—as if trying to lift the person up. Perform
a total of 5 abdominal thrusts, if needed.
4.
To Clear the Airway of an Unconscious
person: Lower
the person on his back onto the floor. If a blockage is visible at the back of
the throat or high in the throat, reach a finger into the mouth and sweep out
the cause of the blockage. Be careful not to push the object deeper into the
airway. Begin CPR if the object remains lodged and the person doesn’t respond.
The chest compression used may dislodge the object. Remember to recheck the
mouth periodically.
5.
To Clear the Airway of a Choking
Infant younger than age 1:
Assume a seated position and hold the infant facedown on your forearm, which is
resting on your thigh. Thump the infant gently but firmly 5 times on the middle
of the back using the heel of your hand. The combination of gravity and the
back blows should release the blocking object. If the back blows doesn’t work,
hold the infant faceup on your forearm with the head lower than the trunk.
Using two fingers placed at the center of the infant’s breastbone, give 5 quick
chest compressions. Repeat the back blows and chest thrusts if breathing
doesn’t resume. Call for emergency medical help.
6.
How to treat a snake bite:
Call
emergency help at once. Remain
as calm as possible. Panic will increase your heart rate and if the snake is venomous,
the increased heart rate will just spread the venom through your body
faster. Try and stay as calm and quiet as possible.
Take note of the
snake's appearance. First responders and emergency physicians will need the
description in order to determine if the snake was venomous. If possible, get a
picture of the snake or at least have a fellow hiker also take a mental picture
of the snake to verify what you've seen. Immobilize and support the area of
the bite. Do
not apply a tourniquet but do restrict movement in the bitten area. Also keep
the area at or below the level of your heart. This will help make sure that if
it was a venomous snake the spread of the venom is slowed down.
Clean the wound
as best as you can, but don’t flush it with water. Take a clean cloth soaked in water
and clean the wound gently but as thoroughly as possible. When the wound is
clean, cover it with a clean cloth.
Avoid steps that
will worsen your situation. There are a lot of myths about how to care for a snake
bite and some of these myths could actually make your situation worse.
Don't try to cut or suck the
venom out. Cutting the wound could cause more problems and increases the risk
of infection. Anyone sucking out venom may actually swallow some and be
poisoned themselves.
Don’t use a tourniquet or use ice
on the wound. Experts believe that a tourniquet could potentially restrict
blood flow too much and ice can increase the damage to the wound.[5][6]
Don’t drink any alcohol or
caffeine-- this can increase your heart rate and spread any venom that may be
there. Instead, stay hydrated with water.
7.
Remedies for diarrhea: If
you have recently had an upset stomach or diarrhea, your doctor may suggest
that you limit your diet to bland foods that won’t irritate your stomach. The
BRAT diet is a bland-food diet that is often recommended for adults and children.
BRAT stands for Bananas, Rice, Applesauce and Toast. A bland diet can be used to treat ulcers,
heartburn, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and gas. You may also need a bland diet after stomach or intestinal
surgery. A bland diet includes foods that are soft, not very spicy, and low
in fiber. If you are on a bland diet, you should not eat spicy, fried,
or raw foods.
Let your doctor know right away
if your child complains of a sore throat, an earache, or pain while peeing,
since these ailments could signal strep throat, an ear infection, or a urinary
tract infection, all of which may need to be treated with antibiotics. You
should also check in with the office if your child shows symptoms of dehydration,
such as if she urinates less than usual, doesn't produce any tears when she
cries, or seems less alert than usual.
Certain symptoms (which are often
accompanied by fever) require immediate medical attention. Head straight for
the E.R. if your child is extremely short of breath, cries inconsolably, has
difficulty waking, or develops a rash that doesn’t blanch when you touch it or
has bruisy-looking purple spots (both could indicate meningococcemia, a
potentially fatal infection of the bloodstream). Call 911 if her tongue, lips,
or nails are blue (a sign that she may not be getting enough oxygen) or she has
a stiff neck (a possible indicator of meningitis) or severe abdominal pain
(which could mean appendicitis). Also call your pediatrician if your child is
under 2 and her fever lasts more than 24 hours (for older kids, you can wait
three days before calling unless she has symptoms suggestive of seasonal flu or
H1N1). Ask for an appointment if your child's fever disappears and then returns
a few days later, since she may have developed a secondary infection.
Cooling
Off
While it's a natural instinct to
treat your child's fever so he feels better, keep in mind that medication will
merely mask it, not cure it. "Once a fever reducer wears off, your child's
temperature may soar back up because the underlying cause is still there."
As a general rule, you should
focus on the way your child looks, feels, and acts rather than on what the
thermometer says. "If you have to chase him around to give him medicine, he
probably doesn't need it, letting your child's fever run its course may
actually help his body fight the underlying infection."
But if bringing down your little
one's temperature makes him feel less crabby, it's fine to do so. For kids
under 6 months, infant acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) is the only recommended
fever reducer. Older babies and kids can also take children's ibuprofen (such
as Motrin or Advil), which is more effective at fighting fever but also
somewhat more likely to cause stomach irritation. Never give aspirin to a child
under 16 -- it can cause Reye's syndrome, a potentially fatal liver condition.
If your child's fever is persistent, see if your doctor recommends treating him
with alternating doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen (spacing the two meds by
at least two hours). But if you go that route, be sure to record the precise
doses and times to prevent the risk of an overdose.
However, medication isn't the
only Rx for a fever. A lukewarm bath or washcloth may temporarily cool your child
off. Stay away from cold water and ice baths, though. "They'll make your
child shiver, which can raise his temperature even higher afterward," Dr.
Steele says. Also avoid alcohol rubs, a dangerous old-school remedy that can
cause intoxication, seizures, or even coma. Giving your child lots of fluids --
including ice pops or Jell-O -- will help his body battle the illness and keep
him hydrated. If he's vomiting or has diarrhea, give him an
oral-rehydration-therapy drink to help replace electrolytes and fluids. Keep
your child in lightweight, breathable clothing; dressing him in layers is best
because he may be sweaty one minute and shivering the next. And don't forget
the most helpful home remedy of all: lots of TLC.
·
Water, one gallon of
water per person per day for at least three days, for drinking and sanitation
·
Food, at least a
three-day supply of non-perishable food
·
Battery-powered
or hand crank radio and a NOAA Weather Radio with tone alert and extra
batteries for both
·
Flashlight
or headlamp and extra batteries
·
Whistle
to signal for help
·
Dust mask, to
help filter contaminated air and plastic sheeting and duct tape to
shelter-in-place
·
Moist
towelettes, garbage bags and plastic ties for personal sanitation
·
Wrench
or pliers to turn off utilities; screw drivers; swiss knife
·
Can
opener for food (if kit contains canned food)
·
Local
maps
·
Cell
phone with chargers
·
Prescription
medications and glasses
·
Infant
formula and diapers
- Matches
in a waterproof container
- Sleeping
bag or warm blanket for each person. Consider additional bedding if you
live in a cold-weather climate.
- Complete
change of clothing including a long sleeved shirt, long pants and sturdy
shoes. Consider additional clothing if you live in a cold-weather climate.
- Household
chlorine bleach and medicine dropper – When diluted nine parts water to
one part bleach, bleach can be used as a disinfectant. Or in an emergency,
you can use it to treat water by using 16 drops of regular household
liquid bleach per gallon of water. Do not use scented, color safe or
bleaches with added cleaners.
- Feminine
supplies and personal hygiene items
- Mess
kits, paper cups, plates and plastic utensils, paper towels
- Paper
and pencil
·
a.
Basic Supplies:
·
Adhesive
tape
·
Elastic
wrap bandages
·
Bandage
strips and "butterfly" bandages in assorted sizes
·
Nonstick
sterile bandages and roller gauze in assorted sizes
·
Eye
shield or pad
·
Triangular
bandage (to form slings to support fractured arm)
·
Aluminum
finger split
·
Instant
cold packs
·
Cotton
balls and cotton-tipped swabs
·
Disposable
nonlatex examination gloves, several pairs
·
Duct
tape
·
Petroleum
jelly or other lubricant
·
Plastic
bags, assorted sizes
·
Safety
pins in assorted sizes
·
Scissors
and tweezers
·
Soap
or hand sanitizer
·
Antibiotic
ointment
·
Antiseptic
solution and towelettes
·
Eyewash
solution
·
Thermometer
·
Turkey
baster or other bulb suction device for flushing wounds
·
Breathing
barrier
·
Syringe,
medicine cup or spoon
·
First-aid
manual
Medications:
Aloe
vera gel
Calamine
lotion
Anti-diarrhea
medication
Laxative
Antacids
Antihistamine,
such as diphenhydramine
Pain
relievers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin
IB, others) and aspirin (never give aspirin to children)
Hydrocortisone
cream
Cough
and cold medications
Personal
medications that don't need refrigeration
Auto-injector
of epinephrine, if prescribed by your doctor
Comments
Post a Comment